Bfrq dy burjUaf pYRs aqy kuJ rfjsI pfrtIaF ny sLbd “mUlvfd” (PMzfmYNtiljLm) kuJ rfjsI lihrF bfry, ivsLysL kr ky pMjfb ivc cwl rhI iswK nOjvfnF dI KfVkU lihr bfry vriqaf hY| ies lyK df mnorQ ies sLbd ipCy luky sMklp ƒ smJxf aqy ies dI vrqoN krn vflIaF iDrF dy mMqv ƒ AuGfVnf hY|

 sLbd “mUlvfd” dI vrqoN 19vIN sdI dy aMq Auqy cwlI iek eIsfeI pRotYstYNt lihr bfry sLurU hoeI| ieh lihr amrIkf ivc 1920 vfly dhfky dOrfn sLkqIvr bxI aqy kuJ bdly rUp ivc 1950 qk kfiem rhI| bfeIbl dI sdIvqf, XsU msIh (eIsf) dy kMvfr-jnm, prmfqmf dy hukm nfl rcnf dy qqPwt hoNd ivc afAux, mnuwK df pqn, XsU msIh dy mnuwKI pfpF leI crKVI cVHn aqy Ausdy dyhDfrI pfrgmn iek hjLfr sfl dI pRBuqf leI vfps muVn, Aus ivc ivsLvfs krn vfilaF dI dyhgq surjIqI aqy gunfhgfrF ƒ sjLf ivc idRVH ivsLvfs hI ies lihr dy muwK isDFq sn|

 ieh smF Auh sI jdoN XUrp aqy amrIkf ivc pUMjIvfdI dy aMdrly ivroD ies dy hor ivkfs ivc aiVwkf bx rhy sn| nqIjy vjoN pihlf sMsfr XuwD iCiVaf ijsdy muwK kfrx ies aiVwky qoN mukqI hfsl krn leI rfh nf lwB skxf aqy kuJ ku pUrv pUMjIvfdI qfkqF df aVy rihxf vI sI| pr ies df nqIjf hoieaf ik XUrp aqy amrIkf dohF QfvF Auqy mwD sLyRxI aqy CotI iksfnI ƒ kfPI sMqfp Jwlxf ipaf| amrIkf ivc 1930 dy nyVy vfprI “zIprYsLn” jF afriQk inGfr vI ieh sMqfp kfl sI|

ies sMkt dOrfn CotI iksfnI aqy mwD sLyRxI kol cwl rhy arQcfry dy drsLn aqy ivcfrDfrf ivc koeI ivsLvfs nhIN irhf sI| vwD rhy ivigafnvfd aqy blvMq ho rhy ivkfsvfd ny vI aijhI asiQrqf lY aFdI sI ik ienHF vrgF leI koeI ivcfrDfrk shfrf cfhIdf sI| ies sMqfp aqy sMkt smyN jo iek tyk idwqI geI Auh ieh mUlvfd sI| ijs dy mwuK ivcfr bfeIbl ƒ abdl mMnxf aqy ies ivc XsU msIh aqy mnuwK dI dyhDfrI punr surjIqI bfry idwqy pOrfx jF imwQ vrgI khfxI ƒ isLwdq BrpUr swc vjoN sQfipq krnf sI|

ies ieiqhfsk pRsMg ivc jy mUlvfd df isDFq smiJaf jfvy qF ieh iek pRvfn ho cuwky gRMQ ivsLvfs jF drsLn dy muwZly jF mUl ivcfrF vwl vfpsI aqy hr pRkfr dy ivkfs ƒ rwd kr ky AunHF ivcfrF ƒ abdl mMnxf bxdf hY| aijhI pRikiraf df vwzf lwCx “duhrfAu” jF AunHF mUl ivcfrF ƒ vfr-vfr jIvn ivc ilafAuxf aqy jIvn dI gqI ƒ asvIkfr krky jIvn dIaF sB sMsQfvF aqy amlF ƒ AunHF mUl ivcfrF anusfr Zflxf hY| jy koeI nf Zly qF Aus pRqI ihMsfqmk hoxf hY| Gwto-Gwt aijhI ihMsf dI jy iswDI nhIN qF aiswDI sMBfvnf ies duhrfAu ivc mOjUd hY|

duhrfAu afpxy-afp ivc koeI insLyDfqmk jF nYgyitv ikiraf nhIN| jrmn iPlfsPr nItsLy duhrfAu ƒ jIvn aqy ieiqhfs df iek aihm pwK mMndf sI| ieiqhfs Aus anusfr duhrfvF qoN hI afpxy ivsLrfm icMnH lYNdf hY| sOKy sLbdF ivc jIvn aqy ieiqhfs df ivkfs iswDI lkIr vFg nhIN hY, ijvyN ies ƒ eIsfeIaq jF hor Drm aqy drsLn dyKdy hn ikAuNik isrjnf dy aml nfl sbMDq rUp sImq hI hn ies leI Auh afpxy-afp ƒ duhrfAuNdy rihMdy hn| pr ies dy bfvjUd prm mnuwKF dI isrjnfqmkqf aqy iewCf sLkqI rfhIN pirvrqn aqy “ivkfs” vI huMdf hY|

 jy duhrfAu kuJ sImq rUpF df jIvn ƒ kfiem rwKx aqy awgy qorn dy qrk ivc hox vflf jLrUrI aml hY qF isrjnf aqy iewCf sLkqI nfl kuJ qxfE ivc AunHF sImq jF muwZly rUpF df duhrfAu jIvn aqy ieiqhfs dy awgy jfx nfl hI sbMiDq hY| ies leI AunHF mwuZly rUpF ƒ muV ilafAuxf aqy ivcfrDfrk jF dfrsLink pwDr Auqy AunHF vwl vfpsI insLyDfqmk nhIN, pr nItsLy dI sLrq ieh hY ik aijhy icMqn ƒ svIkfr krn qoN pihlF ivakqI dI afpxI iewCf sLkqI, rcnfqmkqf, cirwqr aqy sLYlI bfry svY-cyqnqf aqy ies ƒ rUp dyx ivc sPlqf vfpr cuwkxy cfhIdy hn|

pwCm dy ivkisq dsqkfr dysL vI afpxy arQcfry dy sMktF ƒ hwl krn leI kuJ nym duhrfAuNdy rhy hn sgoN AunHF dI nvIN ivafiKaf krky AunHF dI sMgq gOrvsLIl bxfAux Auqy cyqn jLor lfAuNdy rhy hn| brqfnIaF aqy amrIkf ny dUjI jMg qoN ipCoN afpxy arQcfry df vwzf gurU kynjL ƒ hI mMinaf hY| Aus dy ies prm-afriQk (mYkroieknOimk) ivcfr, ik pUrn rujLgfr aqy inrMqr ivkfs ƒ rfj dI dKlaMdfjLI aqy pUMjI pRcln ƒ suinXimq krn nfl hI kfiem rwiKaf jf skdf hY, ƒ ipCly kuJ dhfikaF ivc bVI vfr duhrfieaf igaf hY| nv-kynjLvfdIaF ny pUMjIvfdI afriQkqf ivc afey sMkt ƒ 'sfeIkl' kih ky 'sfeIkl-ivroDI' isDFq bxfey ijnHF anusfr bjt, AuDfr pRikiraf afid rfhIN dKlaMdfjLI ƒ mhwqvpUrn dwisaf| awj asIN ijs ƒ 'Porzvfd' (sMcfr mfiDamF aqy surwiKaq rfsLtrI mfrkItF rfhIN AupBogIaF ƒ imafrI vsqF KrIdx leI AuqsLfihq krnf) aqy ‘AuWqr Porzvfd (jn mfrkIt ƒ AupBog kImq dy nfl jIvn sLYlI aqy izjLfeIn nfl joVnf) kihMdy hF, ieh vI kynjL dy muwZly ivcfrF ƒ jIvq aqy ikirafsLIl rwKx dy hI Xqn hn| ieQoN qk ik kuJ ivdvfnF anusfr pRiswD Kwby-pwKI arQ sLfsqrI jon rOibnsn ipafro sqRfPf, lgI pYsInYqI dy snfqnI burjuaf arQcfry bfry kIqy qrk-ivsLlysLx ivc vI kynjL dy pRmwuK isDFqF dI nvIN ivafiKaf hI hY| ienHF arQ sLfsqrIaF dy ivsLlysLx ƒ 'AuWqr kynjLvfd' vI afiKaf igaf hY|

imKfiel gorbfcyv ny rUsI smfj ƒ nvyN isirEN sMrcx leI ilKI pusqk 'pyrysqroiekf' ivc afpxy Xqn ƒ mfrks lYinn dy sMbfd (zfielYkitks) dI sLkqI df ijLkr kridaF lYinn dIaF afKrI ilKqF nfl joiVaf hY| gorbfcyv 'pyrysqroiekf' ƒ vI ienklfb afKdf hY aqy lYinn dy AunHF sLbdF ƒ duhrfAuNdf hY ijnHF ivc Aus ny afiKaf sI ik ieiqhfs ivc koeI aijhf ienklfb nhIN afieaf ijs ivc ijwq AuprMq pRsLMsf dy nsLy ivc sB hiQafr suwt ky afrfm kIqf jfvy| Bfv ieh hY ik iek ienklfb qoN ipCoN dUjf iPr qIjf afid inrMqr ilafAuxy huMdy hn ijnHF rfhIN muwZly ienklfb dy mUl isDFqF ƒ ieiqhfs dI inwgr smJ nfl sfkfrf kIqf jf sky| mfE ny swiBafcfrk ienklfb ƒ vI afpxI kRFqI dIaF buinafdI DfrnfvF dI iek mhwqvpUrn zUMiGafeI vjoN hI ikirafsLIl kIqf sI| afpxy-afpxy ZMgF aqy siQqIaF anusfr rUs aqy cIn dovyN 'AuWqr-smfjvfd' df vDyry bl snfqnI smfjvfd dy mukfbly ivwc bhu-pwKqf (post sLosLiljLm) aqy vwKo-vwK smfjF dy afpxy sQfnk swiBafcfrF aqy prMprfvF anusfr mukqI vwl vDx Auqy hY| sFJ df arQ hux ieko rfh aiKiqafr krnf nhIN, sgoN mukqI dI jigafsf aqy ies leI afpxy ivrsy aqy pRiqBf anusfr sfDn aqy sMsQfvF jutfAuxf hY|

pUrbI irsLI aqy icMqk jIvn dy mUl inXmF aqy AunHF dy anuBv leI kuJ aihm ivcfrF aqy DunIaF ƒ duhrfAuxf lfBvMd mMndy rhy hn| vYidk irsLIaF dy isRsLtI dIaF vwK-vwK sLkqIaF dy pRqIinwD dyvI dyviqaF ƒ sMboiDq kIqy gIq AunHF dy ies ivsLvfs dy gvfh hn| ies duhrfAu ƒ AunHF ny mMqr-sLkqI nfl joiVaf hY jF ieh kih leIey ik mMqr-sLkqI kuJ ivcfrF aqy DunIaF df hI isLwdq BrpUr duhrfAu hY| ies df mfiDam vydF aqy AupinsLdF ivc anunfisk DunIaF hn| iswK gurU sfihbfn ny vI gurbfxI ivc ivcfr aqy sLbd dI ies sLkqI ƒ vriqaf qF ik iek pfTk dI cyqnqf, avcyqn aqy dyh-kyNdrF ƒ nvyN isirEN sMgiTq kIqf jf sky| pUrb ny ies duhrfAu inXm ƒ ijs qrHF ivcfrk, sLfbidk, srIrk aqy sONdrX-sLfsqrI pwDr Auqy vriqaf hY ies df vwK-vwK psfrF ivc ajy Xog aiDaYn nhIN hoieaf| zfktr tRMp vrgy pwCmI ivdvfn, ijnHF ny gurU gRMQ sfihb jF iksy hor pUrbI gRMQ df anuvfd kIqf hY, ies duhrfAu ƒ smJx ivc asmrwQ rhy hn|

 ies bihs df Bfv ieh spwsLt krnf hY ik ivrsy, drsLn jF gRMQ ivc afey jIvn jF isRsLtI nfl sbMDq ivcfrF, DunIaF jF aiBivaMjn ZMgF ƒ duhrfAuxf pUrb aqy pwCm dohF swiBafcfrF df lwCx hY| iksy soc, jIvn-sMgTn, jIvn-sLYlI ƒ iQr krn aqy Kfs pRkfr dy mno-srIrk sMXog leI ies dI vrqoN bVy gOrv nfl kIqI jFdI rhI hY| jy kyvl kuJ aihm ivcfrF aqy DunIaF vwl muVnf hI mUlvfd hY qF pUrb aqy pwCm dovyN mUlvfdI hn aqy ienHF swiBafcfrF ivc bhuq sMktF ƒ hwl krn leI ies pRikiraf dI vrqoN vI mUlvfdI hY| AuWqr-kynjLvfdI, snfqnI aqy AuWqr-smfjvfdI, vyidk irsLI aqy iswK gurU sfihbfn, buwD qoN ipCoN afAux vfly Aus dy pYrokfr sMq aqy eIsf qoN ipCoN afAux vfly Aus dy anuafeI mhfqmf sB mUlvfdI hn ikAuNik AunHF ny afpxy mnpsMd aqy lfhyvMd drsLnF jF ivsLvfsF dy aihm ivcfrF aqy pRkfsL-ivDIaF ƒ vfr-vfr duhrf ky iQr kIqf aqy mnuwKI ivkfs ivc Xog ihwsf pfieaf|

 spwsLt hY ik kyvl kuJ ivcfrF, inXmF jF DunIaF vwl afpsI mUlvfd nhIN| ijs insLyDfqmk jF n-arQ ivc ies sLbd dI vrqoN iksy pRikiraf bfry kIqI jFdI hY Aus qoN Bfv aijhI vfpsI jF duhrfAu hY jo iksy sMkt ƒ hwl krn dy Xog nhIN| XUrp aqy amrIkf ivc cwlI mUlvfdI lihr vFg ieh duhrfAu ivkfs dy ihwqF 'c nhIN aqy nf hI ieh icMqn aqy jIvn dy nvyN pRkfsL-ZMgF ƒ jI afieaF afKdf hY| ieh sgoN afpxy pfTkF, sroiqaF jF pYrokfrF ƒ suMgyVdf hY aqy nvIaF siQqIaF nfl do hwQ krn dI pRyrxf dyx dI iek QF iek PfrmUly jF ieiqhfs nfloN tuwty mMqr duafly joVn df Xqn krdf hY| jy iswK gurU sfihbfn dI bfxI ƒ iDafn nfl piVHaf jfvy qF Aus ivc vI “sihj” df sMklp kfPI duhrfieaf igaf hY| BfvyN ies sMklp df sroq buwDvfd sI, pr gurU sfihbfn ny ies isRsLtI dy sfry pRbMD ivc ivcrn df jF isRsLtI dI sMgq nfl sbMDq hoNd df sMklp bxf ilaf| ies ivc cyqnqf aqy aml dovyN sLfml hn, sgoN ies qoN vI vwD ies nfl juVy hoey avcyqn aqy nfV-pRbMD qk ieh sMklp phuMcdf hY| iPr bfxI dy vfk-pRbMD aqy DunI-sMgTn vI aijhy isrjy ijnHF ivcoN shj-pRfpq hox leI iek sLkqI huMdI hY, iek sMgIq vI Jrdf hY|

 gurU sfihbfn dy duhrfAu ipCy mOjUd ingHf BUqkfl vwl nhIN, BivwK vwl hY, mnuwK dI nvIN sMgq aqy ivkfs vwl hY|

insLkrsL ieh hY ik Auh duhrfAu mUlvfd (PMzfmYNtfiljLm) hY ijs df muwK BUqkfl vwl hY, BivwK vwl nhIN| aijhf duhrfAu ieiqhfsk aqy bRhmMzI siQqIaF ƒ smJ ky ivkfs vwl nhIN lY jFdf| nvyN igafnF ƒ smo ky nvy cyqn, nvyN avcyqn aqy nfV-pRbMD dI sfjnf nhIN krdf|

 pMjfb ivc iswK nOjvfnF dI lihr duhrfAu df gOrv ajy pUrI qrHF nhIN smJ skI| ienHF dIaF kuJ jQybMdIaF BUqmuKI duhrfAu kr rhIaF hn| iswK gurU sfihbfn dI bfxI dy inXm vI ajy kuJ jQybMdIaF dI pkV ivc nhIN afey| jo jQybMdIaF kyvl BUqmuKI duhrfAu kr rhIaF hn, iswK gurU sfihbfn dy isRsLtI aqy mnuwK bfry idwqy muwZly inXmF dI nvyN igafnF dI shfieqf nfl ivkfsmuKI ivafiKaf nhIN kr rhIaF sgoN sOVf kr rhIaF hn Auh mUlvfdI hn| AunHF dI ieiqhfsk smJ vI kmjLor rhygI qy AunHF dI lihr vI AucyrIaF sLfierfnf qy ivigafnk lIhF AuWqy nhIN cwlygI| iswK gurU sfihbfn dI sipirt iswK iksfn ny pkVI hoeI hY, Auh nvyN igafn aqy qknflojI ƒ nfl lY ky BivwKmuKI ivkfs dy rfh Auqy pMjfb ƒ qor irhf hY| Aus ny Bfrq dy hor lokF leI vI imsfl kfiem kIqI hY|

Bfrq df burjUaf pRYs aqy kuJ hor rfjnIqk pfrtIaF pMjfb dI KfVkU lihr ƒ jdoN “mUlvfdI” kihMdIaF hn qF Auh ies dy kRFqIkfrI aMsL ƒ jfx-buwJ ky awKoN Ehly krdIaF hn| pMjfb dy sIimq ivkfs aqy ivsLv pRsMg ivc ikRsLI AuWnqI dy bfvjUd smwisafjnk afriQkqf aqy sQfnk swiBafcfr dy dmn ƒ iswK nOjvfnF dI lihr ny ijvyN sfhmxy ilaFdf| Auh pRsMsfXog hY, pr ies dI kfmXfbI BivwKmuKI duhrfAu nfl hI ho skygI| ies leI lihr ƒ afpxy aMdrly mUlvfdI aMsLF nfl jUJ ky gurbfxI dI BivwKfrQI pRyrxf aqy nvyN igafnF ƒ smox nfl afpxf inrMqr kRFqIkfrI srUp sQfipq krdy rihxf hovygf|

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