Bfrq ivc iksfnF dIaf afqmhwiqafvF bfdsqUr jfrI hn. pRDfn mMqrI qo lYky sUbfeI afgUaF qwk JUTI hmdrdI idKfAux qo vwD kwuJ vI krn jogy nhI hn. asl ivc Auh ies iBafnk sMkt ƒ tfkIaF lgfky hwl krnf cfhuMdy hn, ijhVf ik asl ivc iqwKy nÈqr dI mMg krdf hY. dyÈ dy anykF BfgF ivc KyqI krijaF Aupr lIk mfrn dI avfj AuWT rhI hY. kyNdr srkfr ny dwKxI rfjF dy kuwJ BfgF ivc rfhq dyx df pKMz vI kIqf hY, ijhVf ik asl ivc shfieqf dy nfm hyTF AuhnF ƒ hor vwD krjfeI krn dy kMm af irhf hY. Kud kyNdrI srkfr dy aMkiVaF muqfbk hI dys Br aMdr iek lwK qoN vwD lok krijaF dy boJ sdkf KudkuÈIaF kr cuwky hn. Bfjpf dI agvfeI vflI sfbkf kOmI jmhUrI gwTjoV dI srkfr vwloN 2000 ivc lfgU kIqI rfÈtrI KyqI nIqI Bfrq dy ieiqhfs ivwc iek nvF moV ibMdU hY. ieh nIqI qyË rPqfr qknIk dy Xuwg ivwc Bfrq aMdr ho rhI ikrq-aDfrq KyqI ƒ bykfr mMndI hY. iesdI dlIl hY ik CotI iksfnI KyqI leI loNVIdf pUMjI invyÈ nhIN jutf skdI.dUjf KyqI AuproN Bfr GtfAux dI loV hY. ieh swc hY ik afDuink qknflojI dI vrqoN lfËmI qOr qy pUMjI invyÈ dI mMg krdI hY, ijhVf ik iksfn kol nhIN hY aqy nf hI srkfr kol hY. ieh imQ ilaf igaf hY ik hux DnkubyrF ƒ hI KyqI dy ivkfs dI ijMmyvfrI EtxI cfhIdI hY. ‘ËmIn hlvfhk dI‘ aqy BUmI suDfrF dI gwl vylf ivhf cuwkI hY. dyÈ dy hfkmF df kOmI ajMzf sfP qy spÈt ÈbdF ivc KyqI df ingmIkrn krnf rih igaf hY. swtf pUMjI dy ies nvyN dOr ivc KyqI leI krËf imlxf nf kyvl dyKx ƒ sOKf lwgdf hY, sgoN idKfvy pwKoN ssqf vI hY. vpfr aqy snaq dy mukfbly ivc KyqI leI ivafË dIaF drF ivc BfrI irafieq idKfeI idMdI hY, lyikn ieh Aupro idsdI irafieq iewk aYsI gl-PrfhI hY, ijhVI hkIkq ivwc qbfhI ilafAux vflI hY. bYNkF dI sQfpnf vpfr aqy snaq ƒ krËy dyx leI kIqI geI sI. pYsy Auqy imÈrq ivafj ƒ afm vrqfry vjoN svIkfr kr ilaf igaf hY. lyikn KyqI df ivkfs pYtrn vpfr aqy snaq dy ivkfs nflo isÌqI qOr qy vwKrf hY . ies leI isrP sDfrn ivafË df pRbMD hI buinafdI qOr qy jYivk suBfa vflI KyqI dy anukUl ho skdf hY . BfrqI iksfnF leI pihlF hkIkI sMkt, ËmIn Aupr nkd lgfn df Qoipaf jfxf sI. ieh ieMnf iËafdf sI ik kuwl pYdfvfr df iqMn-cOQfeI jF ies qoN vwD vI, iksfn vwloN tYks Brn leI vycxf pYxf sI . hnHyrgrdI dy ies dOr ivwc ÈfhUkfrF ny mnmrjI dy imÈrq ivafË Qopy . aMgryjI hkUmq vyly dy ‘kfl` kimÈnF dIaF pVqflF df incoV hI ieh sI ik ‘iksfn krËy ivwc jMmdf hY, krËy ivc ijAuNdf hY aqy krËy ivwc mrdf hY`. ies cIË dy byprd ho jfx nfl sfmrfjI rfj ny iksfnF ƒ krËy pRdfn krn dI iËMmyvfrI sMBfl leI. ËmIn suDfr krËf aYkt-1883 aqy hlvfhkF leI krËf aYkt-1883 vrgy do nvyN kfƒn pfs kIqy gey. ivafË dI dr 4 PIsdI slfnf dy anusfr sDfrn sI. ieh kfƒn awj vI ivDfn-pRxflI df ihwsf hn. KyqI ivwc invyÈ krn aqy Aus ivwco lfB hfsl krn dI pRikiraf ƒ iek bhuq hI joÉm Biraf aqy lMbf smf mMnky, aMgryËF ny iesy leI qkfvI kfƒnF ivwc krËf vfps krn df smF GwtoGt 35 sflF df mMinaf sI. lyikn hux ‘‘aËfd” dyÈ dy aijhy spÈt kfƒn ƒ vI KyqI leI krËf dyx vflIaF sMsQfvF dy pRbMDkF ny pUrI qrHF axizwT kIqf hY. AunHF dy iKafl ivc lMby smyN dy KyqI krËy dI vD qo vwD sImf 8-10 sfl kfPI huMdI hY. ËmIn dy suDfr, isMcfeI afid ivwc lgfAux leI QoVHy smyN df aijhf krËf, iksfn vwloN JwlIaF jFdIaF (kudrqI) byXkInIaF dy snmuwK afpxy afp ivwc hI Aus ƒ brbfd krn leI kfPI hY ikAuNik invyÈ aqy Aus qoN munfÌf vsUlI df ivckfrlf smf (jYstyÈn pIrIaz) bhuq iËafdf lMbf huMdf hY. lyikn jdoN ieh krËf imÈrq ivafË vflf hovy qF iksfn dI brbfdI mukMml aqy ibnf iksy lwg lpyt dy hox leI srfpI jFdI hY . ies leI iksfnF vwlo kIqIaF jFdIaF KudkuÈIaF ikvyN vI hYrfnI df sbwb nhIN ho skdIaF. bhuigxqI iksfnF leI KyqI iek GftyvMdf sOdf bx cuwkI hY, ikAuik dyÈ dy 80 PIsdI iksfnF dI vfhI pMj eykVF qo Gwt hY, ijhVI ik pUMjI-prDfn KyqI dy ies Xug ivc puwg nhI skdI. iksfnF dIaF KudkuÈIaF krËf pRbMD dy jmHf-joV df atwl nqIjf hn. KyqI krËy leI afdrÈ kOmI nIqI iksy hwd qwk qkfvI kfƒnF ivc CupI hoeI hY, ijhVy ik ajy vI lfgU hn. Auh spÈt qOr `qy styt AuWpr KyqI ƒ krËy dyx dI iËMmyvfrI afied krdy hn. kfrn bVf spÈt hY, ik vpfr aqy snaq dI mdd krn leI KVHf kIqf bYikMg pRbMD, afpxy muwZly cirwqr ivc hI, KyqI ƒ krËy dyx dI ijMmyvfrI nhIN Et skdf. qkfvI kfƒnF aMdr drj KyqI krËf nIqI dIaF ÈrqF ivc iqMn muwZly qwq - imÈrq ivafË dI mnfhI, 4 PIsdI slfnf dI dr qoN Gwt vflf sfDfrn ivafË aqy lMby smyN dy pIVHIvfr cOKty aMdr vsUlI-mOjUd hn. Bfrq dy sfhUkfrf krËf aYkt ny 1918 ivc iesy nIqI cOKty ƒ lfgU kIqf. ieh kfƒn sUdKorI dI pRIBfÈf nhIN idMdf, lyikn adflqF ƒ ieh ÈkqIaF idMdf hY ik Auh hryk kys dI smuwcI hflq ƒ iDafn ivwc rwKdy hoey, ieh PYslf krn ik ivafË dI dr jF kul rkm ikqy iËafdf qF nhIN? bhuq sfry adflqI PYsilaF ny KyqI krËy ƒ iek ivÈyÈ vMngI vwloN mMinaf hY. sUdKorI nfl sbMDq bhuq sfry adflqI PYsilaF ny KyqI krËy nfl ivÈyÈ slUk kIqf hY. bhuq sfry mfmilaF ivc imÈrq ivafË ƒ ainafeIN/byloVf grdfinaf igaf hY. sUdKorI df Kfqmf, aËfdI dI lihr df iek ainwKVvf aMg sI. sfl 1937 ivwc bhuq sfry sUibaF dIaF cuxIaF hoeIaF pihlIaF ivDfn sBfvF (smyq pMjfb dy) aMdr, sUdKorI ivroDI kƒn pfs kIqy gey, ijhnF ivc spÈt kIqf igaf ik ivafË dI kul dyxdfrI mUlDn qoN vwD nhIN ho skdI aqy imÈrq ivafË dy sfry smJOqy njfieË hn aqy mUlDn qoN vfDU AugrfhI geI ivafË dI rkm vI ÊYr kfƒnI hY. ies qoN vI vDky, iehnF DfrfvF dI AulMGxf ƒ dMzXog aprfD bxfky, iek sfl qwk dI sËf dI ivvsQf kIqI geI. lyikn dIvfnI jylH dI kropI anykF sUibaF, Éfs krky AuqrI Bfrq ivwc jfrI rhI. 1939 dy ibhfr dy ÈfhUkfrI kfƒn dI ajy isafhI vI nhIN suwkI sI ik ibhfr dy gvrnr ny ieh dlIl dyky, ik ieh sMsQfvF inXmF muqfbk vhI-Kfqy bxfky rwKdIaF hn jF iehnF bYNkF ivc ipaf pYsf afm lokF dIaF bwcqF df huMdf hY, ieMpIarl bYNk qoN lY ky sihkfrI sBfvF qwk ƒ, ies kfƒn dy dfiery ivcoN bfhr kr idwqf. qqkflI gvrnr vwloN kIqf aprfD smJ ivc afAux vflf hY, ikAuik Auh sfmrfjI ihwqF df rKvflf sI. lyikn Aus vyly dy gvrnr vwloN kIqI geI ieh kfrvfeI, ‘‘aËfd” Bfrq ivc vI kfiem rhy, gwl jwcdI nhI. lyikn hry ienklfb dy dOr ivwc aiq pUMjI-muwKI KyqI dI ÈurUafq nfl KyqI krËy dIaF loVF ivc byÈumfr vfDf hoieaf hY. ies leI srkfr ny sfry hI KyqrF ivc qkfvI ËrIey iswDy KyqI krËy dyx dI nIqI qoN lgBg hwQ bfhr iKwc ilaf. bYNkF ƒ pyNzU Kyqr ivc kfrj krn dI hdfieq dy idwqI aqy bYikMg pRxflI aDIn, sihkfrI qfxy-bfxy ƒ ivÈfl bxf idwqf igaf.Bfrq dy irËrv bYNk vwlo 1972 ivc vpfrk bYNkF ƒ Byjy afpxy ÊÈqI pwqr ivc slfh idwqI geI sI ik jdoN iksfnF koÜ pYsf mOjUd hovy AudoN hI krËy dI moVfeI dy smyN ƒ qYa kIqf jfvy. iesdf mqlb sI ik iksfnF kol hryk Psl qo bfad pYsf huMdf hY, ies leI krËy dI moVfeI vI Psl-dr-Psl hoxI cfhIdI hY. vsUlI nf hox dI sUrq ivc ivafË ƒ mUlDn ivwc joiVaf jf skdf hY. kfƒnF dI rwdobdl nfÜ styt aqy ÈfhUkfrF dI BUimkf qbdIl ho geI hY. bYNk adflq ivc jfey qoN ibnf hI, gihxy peI jfiedfd AuWpr kbËf kr skdy hn. ieh iËlHf mYijstryt ƒ mdd leI swd skdy hn. sfzy sfhmxy iek aijhy vpfrI df idRÈ hY ijs dy iek hwQ ivc lfTI aqy dUsry hwQ ivc iensfÌ dI qwkVI PVI hoeI hY. vpfrI, pulIs aqy jwj iewko bMdy ivc smfey hoey hn. ieh Bfrq ivc iksy vyly rhy ‘‘mhfn kMpnI rfj” ƒ vI mfq pf rhy hn. hux qF guMizaF rfhIN vI vsUlI kIqI jf skdI hY. Bfrq ivc Èfied hI koeI idn jFdf hovy, jdoN adflqF vwloN, jbrI vsUlI dIaF kfrvfeIaF bdly pRfeIvyt aqy srkfrI bYNkF ƒ iPtkfr nf pYNdI hovy. lyikn hflq idn bidn ieMnI bdqr huMdI jf rhI hY ik dyÈ df sYNtrl bYNk vI guMizaF ƒ nwQ pfAux qoN tflf vwt irhf hY. ies leI, KyqI krËy dIaF ÈrqF dy iKlfÌ jwdojihd df inÈfnf lfËmI hI iek pwkf aqy pfeydfr hwl hoxf cfhIdf hY. iek aijhf aml iCVnf cfhIdf hY ijhVf lokF dIaF asIm smrwQfvF ƒ iek Ëordfr hkIkI qfkq ivc bdl skdf hovy, ijs nfÜ Auh pYsy aqy mMzI dIaF ivkrfl qfkqF df mukfblf kr skx dy kfbl hox. kyvl aijhf krky hI dyÈ ƒ swcImucI dI lok-jmhUrIaq ivc bdilaf jf skdf hY. Pyr vI vkqI hwl dy qOr qy mMg krnI bxdI hY ik krËy AuWqy imÈrq ivafË lgfAuxf bMd kIqf jfvy, KyqI krËy AuWqy ivafË dI dr 4 PIsdI sflfnf qoN vwD nf hovy, krËy dI vfpsI dI imafd KyqI dy suBfa aqy mksd dy muqfibk qYa hovy, KyqI krËy AuWqy lwigaf kul ivafË ies dy mUÜ nfÜoN kdy vI vwD nf hovy, krËy aqy ËmInI lgfn dy bkfieaF dIaF dyxdfrIaF sbMDI sfry kfƒn rwd kIqy jfx.