pihly pfqÈfh sRI gurU nfnk sfihb ny jd isWK Drm pRgt kIqf qF isWKI mihl dI pihlI ieWt kurbfnI dI hI rWKI. Drm pRqI kurbfnI, blIdfn qy Èhfdq df sMklp AunHF ny hI roÈn kIqf. ÈhIdI dy ieiqhfs ivc isWK kOm df sQfn bhuq Au~cf qy mhfn hY. pMjvyN, nOvyN qy dsvyN jfmy ivc sRI gurU arjn dyv jI, gurU qyg bhfdr jI qy gurU goibMd isMG jI ny afp ÈhIdIaF dy ky ÈhIdI prMprf ƒ amIr kr idWqf. 30 meI 1606 ƒ isWK Drm dy ÈhIdF dy isrqfj sfihb sRI gurU arjn dyv jI mhfrfj ÈhId hoey. 1621 ivc isWKF ny sRI hirgoibMdpur sfihb vflI DrqI qy pihlI jMg lVI. Aus smyN qoN hux qIk lWKF hI isWK qlI 'qy sIs rWK kOmI axK qy aËfdI, iensfP, hWk, sWc dy Drm leI jUJy qy ÈhId hoey hn. Èhfdq df isDFq qy prMprf isWK ieiqhfs qy siBafcfr dI iek invyklI pihcfx hY. ÈhIdI akfl purK dy nyVy hox df mukfm hY. ÈhIdI inzrqf dI inÈfnI hY. ieh KuddfrI df ieËhfr hY. ÈhId sbr qy isdk df mujWsmf hY. ieh axK df aYlfnnfmf hY. 'ÈhId' lÌË df aDfr ÈfhdI gvfhI hY, Bfv mksd, inÈfny vfsqy idRVqf nfl KVHy ho ky imsfl bxnf hY. Ëuarq qy ÊYrq vfly lok hI afpxy asUl qy pihrf idMdy hn.aijhy pUrn ÈhId nMU arbI ivc `as ÈhId-Aul-kfiml’ ikhf jFdf hY. pr ieiqhfs gvfhI Brdf hY ik isWK Drm ivc hoeIaf ÈhIdIaF ny guru ky isWKF nMU afpxy akIdy, ivÈvfs, Drm vfsqy aqy julm Ëbr dIaF DfVF dy ivruWD mYdfny jMg ivc lVn aqy hWk sWc dI punr sQfpqI vfsqy ikRafÈIl kIqf.

pihlf mrxu kbUil jIvx kI Ciz afs«
hohu sBnf kI ryxukf qAu afAu hmfrY pfis«

isWK kOm dlyr XoiDaF, juJfrUaF, mrjIviVaF, ÈhIdF, murIdF, hTIaF, qpIaF dI kOm hY. isWK Drm 'c isWK df dfKlf hI sIs Byt nfl hoieaf. jdoN vI Drm dI rWiKaf leI isWK dI prK hoeI qF AudoN hI gurU dy isWK ny afpxf sB kuJ inCfvr krky ibnF iJjk gurU mUhry ho afpxf isr hfËr kIqf hY. ieiqhfsk hvfly dWsdy hn ik iek idn ivc hËfrF dI igxqI ivc isWK Drm qoN kurbfn huMdy rhy hn, jMgF, XuWDF df qF ieiqhfs hI aduWqI qy vWKrf hY. ies jËby BrpUr kOm ny kdI hfr nhIN mMnI. pirvfrF dy pirvfr ÈhId hoey, iPr agly idn jMgy mYdfn ivc zty, BfeI bWlU- BfeI mnI isMG, prmfr- rfjpUq pirvfr hY. ijs dy 51 qoN vWD jIa ÈhId hoey. BfeI suKIaf mFzn rfTOr-rfjpUq pirvfr dy 26, cOhfn pirvfr dy 14 isMGF ny ÈhIdIaF idWqIaF. ienHF qoN ielfvf 20 qoN vWD bRfhmx vI gurU Gr vfsqy kurbfn hoey. dsm pfqÈfh gurU goibMd isMG jI ny jdoN anMdpur sfihb df iklf CWizaf qF 40 isMG aijhy sn, ijnHF ny gurU jI nfl hI jIx mrn df pRx kIqf. ienHF ivc pMj ipafry, pMj mukqy, BfeI mnI isMG dy pMj puWqr qy do Brf, BfeI afilm isMG nWcxf pirvfr dy do mYNbr, GoiVaF dI syvf krn vfly do isWK, idWlI dy do isWK, iqMn bRfhmx pirvfrF dy mYNbr qy 12 hor isrVI isdkI isWK sn.
anMdpur qoN qlvMzI sfbo dmdmf sfihb dy rsqy qIk mfqf gujrI jI qy chuM sfihbËfidaF smyq anykF isWK ÈhId hoey. gurbfxI df Purmfn hY 'bfbfxIaf khfxIaF puq spuq kryin'. kOm dy vfrsF df afpxy ivrsy nfl juVy rihxf lfËmI hY. ivrfsq dI cyqnf hI puWqr ƒ spuWqr hox dI jugiq pRdfn krdI hY. smuWcy sMsfr dy isWKF vWloN roËfnf ardfs ivc pMjF ipafiraF, cOhF sfihbËfidaF, cflHIaF mukiqaF, hTIaF, jpIaF, qpIaF, ijnHF nfm jipaf, vMz Cikaf, dyg clfeI, qyg vfhI, Drm hyq sIs idWqy, bMd bMd ktfey, KoprIaF luhfeIaF, crKVIaF 'qy cVy, afiraF nfl icrfey gey, Drm nhIN hfiraf, isWKI kysF suafsF sMg inbfhI ƒ ÈrDFjlI Byt kIqI jFdI hY.
BfeI mnI isMG jI df smuWcf jIvn smyq pRIvfr kOm nMU smripq Bfvnf vflf hY. BfeI mnI isMG isWK Drm qy ieiqhfs dy Kyqr ivc dlyr mrjIviVaF dI siqkfrq sKÈIaq hn. AunHF df jIvn cirWqr mnuWKI smfj dy iek ivÈyÈ afdrÈ nMU Aujfgr krn dI cyÈTf pYdf krn qy Ëbr-Ëulm nfl tkrfAux, anYiqkqf vflIaF hkUmqF ivruWD Ëordfr qrIky nfl avfj AuTfAux qy tkrfAux vflf hY. iksy ivdvfn df kQn hY ik kfier afdmI roË keI vfr mrdf hY qy sUrbIr ieko vfr mrdy hn. BfeI mnI isMG jI ny POjF nfl Gmsfx df XuWD krky nf qF koeI ielfikaF qy kbËf kIqf qy nf hI iskMdr, aÈok, bfbr, ihtlr qy aOrMgËyb vFg inrdoÈ lokF df KUnI diraf vhf ky rfj qÉq pRfpq kIqf.ÈhIdI mMnI hI Auh jFdI hY ijs df kfrn sWc dI sQfpnf aqy jn-kilafx leI hovy. gurU arjn dyv jI, gurU qyg bhfdr jI, Coty sfihbËfdy, bfbf bMdf isMG jI bhfdr, BfeI mnI isMG jI, BfeI qfrU isMG jI dIaF ÈhfdqF ny ieiqhfs nMU iek nvF moV idWqf, ienHF ÈhfdqF dy PlsrUp hI inrfrQk, zrpok qy inrbl ijMdgI bsr krn vfly BfrqI smfj ivc ijMdfidlI qy juarq vrgI (ÈkqI) ny jnm ilaf.
BfeI mnI isMG jI df jnm 1701 ibkrmI idn aYqvfr, cyqr sudI 12 nMU hoieaf. ÈhId iblfs ivc aMkq kul prMprf anusfr afp jI dy vWzy-vzyiraF df sbMD Audy dIp bMs dy pMvfr rfjpUq Grfxy nfl sI jo mulqfn dy nyVy alIpur dy rihx vfly sn. ies bMs df gurU-Gr nfl sbMD Cyvy pfqÈfh gurU hirgoibMd sfihb jI dy smyN qoN hI juV jFdf hY ikAuN ik ienHF dy dfdf BfeI bflU rfAu CyvyN pfqÈfh gurU hirgoibMd sfihb dI sYnf dy pRisWD jrnYl sI. ieh Kfndfn gurU-Gr df pWkf ÈrDflU sI.
90 sfl dI Aumr Bogx vfly BfeI mnI isMG jI nMU gurU hirrfey, gurU hirikRÈn, gurU qyg bhfdr aqy dsm ipqf gurU goibMd isMG jI df afÈIrvfd pRfpq krn df mfx hfsl hoieaf. dsm ipqf dy ivÈvfspfqr BfeI mnI isMG jI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dy ilKfrI, kQf vfck, igafn rqnfvlI qy isWKF dI Bgq mflf ijhIaF vWz akfrI rcnfvF dy krqf aqy sWcKMz sRI hirmMdr sfihb dy muWK gRMQI vjoN gurU Gr nfl sbMDq rhy.
pRisWD ivdvfn zf: jsbIr isMG sfbr ny BfeI mnI isMG jI dy jIvn bfry iek prcy ’c ivsQfrq jfxkfrI dyNidaF iliKaf hY ik “BfeI mnI isMG dy ipqf mfeI dfs ny do ÈfdIaF kIqIaF sn ijsdI pihlI pqnI dy kuWKoN BfeI mnI isMG smyq 7 puWqr aqy dUjI dy kuWKoN pMj puWqr pYdf hoey. BfeI mfeI dfs ny 13 sfl dI Aumr dy BfeI mnI isMG nMU gurU hirrfey sfihb dy drbfr Byt kr idWqf ijQy ieh muWK qOr ’qy gurU-Gr dy drbfr aqy lMgr ivc sMgqF dy jUTy brqn sfP kridaF mn dI mYl DoNdy rhy. 15 sfl dI Aumr ivc afp jI dI ÈfdI KYrpur dy Xfdv bMsI lKI rfie dI bytI bIbI sIqo nfl ho geI. bIbI sIqy dy kuWKoN afp jI dy Gr 7 puWqrF ny jnm ilaf ijMnHF dy nfm icqR isMG, bicqR isMG, Audy isMG, aink isMG, ajb isMG, ajfieb isMG qy gurbKÈ isMG sn, ienHF ivcoN 5 dI ÈhIdI mYdfny jMg ivc 1705 eI: ivc ho geI aqy do puWqr icqR isMG qy gurbKÈ isMG afp dy nfl hI 1734 eI: nMU lfhOr ivc ÈhId kr idWqy gey. bfkI df pRIvfr vI smyN-smyN Drm dI Kfqr afpxf jIvn blIdfn krdf irhf. BfeI sfihb gurU hir rfie jI dy akfl clfxy AuprMq gurU hir ikÈn jI dy sMg idWlI rhy aqy AuQoN hI mfqf sulWKxI jI dy nfl bfbf bkfly gurU qyg bhfdr jI pfs phuMcy. kÈmIrI pMzqF dI Pirafd sux jdoN nOvyN gurU qyg bhfdr jI idWlI gey qF BfeI sfihb jI dsmyÈ gurU jI pfs sRI anMdpur hI rhy.
sRI anMdpur sfihb ivc `msq hfQI’ nfl XuWD krn vflf BfeI bicWqr isMG, BfeI mnI isMG jI df hI bytf sI. cmkOr dI gVHI ivc ÈhId hox vfly isMGF ivc BfeI sfihb dy pMj puWqr vI Èfml sn. zf: sfbr anusfr “dsmyÈ ipqf gurU goibMd isMG jI dy 1708 eI: ivc joqI joiq-smfAux AuprMq bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr dI dust-dmn lihr ny ijQy vYrIaF dI nINd hrfm kr idqI AuQy Kflsy dI Pyr jY jYkfr hox lWg peI. dsm gurU jI ny isWK Drm ivc dyhDfrI gurU dI pRQf smfpq kridaF gurgWdI `sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb nMU sONp idqI aqy Kflsy nMU eysy `pRgt gurF kI dyh’ mMnx df afdyÈ kIqf. bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr dy ijAuNdy jIa qF Kflsf pMQ iek muT irhf pr 1773 ib: nMU afp jI dI Èhfdq AuprMq pMQ ivc do DVy bx gey. mfqf suMdrI aqy BfeI mnI isMG jI ny sUJ-bUJ qoN kMm lYNidaF pRym ipafr dI jugq nfl dovF DiVaF nMU iek krkky Kflsf pMQ dI ÈkqI nMU muV iek kr idWqf”. pMQ dI ies eykqf aqy jn-sfDfrn ivc svYmfn nfl jIvn ijAux dI Bfvnf aqy ijQy mIixaF aqy hor pMQ ivroDI qfkqF dI nINd hrfm kr idWqI AuQy lfhOr aqy idWlI drbfr vI ies vDdI qfkq dI lihr nMU afpxI hoNd leI Kqry dI GMtI smJx lWg ipaf. BfeI mnI isMG jI byÈWk 90 sfl dI afXU nMU puj cuky sn pr Pyr vI smuWcf Kflsf pMQ aqy jn-sfDfrn AunHF nMU afpxf siqkfrq afgU pRvfn krdf sI. 1790 ib: df dIvflI df purb nyVy af irhf sI aqy sMgqF dI qIbr ieWCf sI ik ies vfr ieh purb DUmDfm nfl mnfieaf jfvy. ies mksd leI BfeI mnI isMG jI ny BfeI sUrq isMG qy subyg isMG dI mdd nfl lfhOr dy sUbydfr pfsoN iejfjq pRfpq kr leI aqy ievËfny vjoN myly ipCoN 10 hËfr rupY jËIey vjoN dyxy pRvfn kr ley. pr mIixaF, pMQ ivroDI qfkqF aqy lfhOr drbfr ny idWlI dy qÉq dI Èih nfl iek zUMGI sfijÈ aDIn isMGF nMU Kqm krn df pRogrfm AulIikaF, jo BfeI mnI isMG nMU vyly isr pqf lWg jfx kfrn isry n cVH sikaf. ies sfijÈ nMU nfkfm krn bdly BfeI sfihb ny kOm nMU afpxI sUJ-bUJ nfl bcf ilaf. pr BfeI sfihb pRvfn kIqf hoieaf jËIaf lfhOr drbfr nMU nf dy sky ikAuNik BfeI sfihb vloN Byjy gupq snyihaF Kfqr sMgqF ies purb Auqy bhuq GWt igxqI ivc iekWqr hoeIaF sn. pr hkUmq nMU bhfnf cfhIdf sI,mhfn dUr-aMdyÈI qy dUly mrjIvVy BfeI mnI isMG jI nMU ÈhId krn df. ies qrHF BfeI mnI isMG jI nMU sfQIaF smyq igRPqr krky akih qy asih kÈt idMidaF 1734 eI: nMU lfhOr dy inKfs cONk ivc ÈhId kr idWqf igaf ijQy aWjkWl gurduafrf ÈhId gMj bixaf hoieaf hY.