pihlI nvMbr 1966 nUM BfÈf dy afDfr `qy pMjfbI sUby nUM hoNd ivc afieaF 41 sfl ho gey hn.iekqflI sfl dI Aumr ivc hr bWcf Br jvfn ho jFdf hY, pr pMjfbI sUbf Bugolk pKoN AuQy hI hY, ijWQy 41 sfl pihlF sI.ies dI pRfpqI leI pMQ qy pMjfb dI pRqIinWD jWQybMdI df dfavf krn vflI jWQybMdI ÈRomxI akflI dl nUM bVf lMbf sMG~rÈ krnf ipaf sI.ies mMg dI pUrqI leI mF-bolI pMjfbI nUM ipafr krn vfly lyKkF, pWqrkfrF qy buDIjIvIaF df pUrf smrWQn pRfpq sI.
awj 41 sfl df lMbf smF bIq jfx quy vI ieh iek aDUrf sUbf hY ijs dI apxI rfjDfnI nhIN hY, anykF pMjfbI boldy ielfky ies qoN bfhr hn.mF-bolI pMjfbI nMU hfly qk ies df Xog sQfn nhIN imilaf.ieh socx vflI gl hY ik pMjfbI sUbf pRfpq kr ky pMjfbIaF ny kI hfsl kIqf hY qy kI guafieaf hY?
ies lMby sMGWrÈ dI sB qoN vWzI pRfpqI qF ieho sI ik BfvyN iek lMgVf sUbf hI shI, pMjfbI BfÈf dy afDfr `qy iek sUbf hoNd ivc af igaf hY.pMjfbIaF ny ies “sUbI” nUM vI apxI myhnq qy lgn nfl iek KuÈhfl sUbf bxf ilaf,ies ny srb-pWKI ivkfs kIqf hY.Auqr prdyÈ, ibhfr afid gAU-pWtI dy sUibaF qy lokF leI ieh amrIkf kYnyzf hI hY, jo itWzI dl vFg ieQy cMgy ruËgfr leI af rhy hn.
dUjI pRfpqI agly hI vrHy dsMbr 1967 ivc pMjfb ivDfn sBf ny pMjfbI nUM ies sUby dI rfj BfÈf bxfAux leI srbsMmqI nfl iek rfj-BfÈf ibl pfs kr idqf,jo 1968 dI ivsfKI vfly idhfVy qoN lfgU ho igaf.ieh gl vWKrI hY ik Auh ÈkqIaF jo pMjfbI sUby dI mMg df ivroD kr rhIaF sn, ny pMjfbI nUM aj qk vI pUrI qrHF lfgU nhIN hox idqf, aj vI srkfrI aqy arD-srkfrI adfiraF, dÌqrF qy adflqF ivc bhuqf kMm aMgryËI ivc ho irhf hY.iPr vI lyKk jWQybMdIaF aqy buDIjIvIaF vloN pMjfbI dy ivkfs leI bVf kMMm ho irhf hY.pMjfbI XunIvristI pitaflf aqy gurU nfnk dyv XunIvristI, aMimRqsr ny apxy nfl sbMDq kfljF ivc bI[ey[ qk dI pVHfeI ivc pMjfbI nUM lfËmI ivÈf kIqf hoieaf hY.pMjfbI XunIvristI dy mOjUdf Aup-kulpqI aYs[aYs[bopfrfey ny kUJ CotF dyx dy kiQq pMjfbI-ivroDI PYsly ley hn,ijnHF df lyKk jWQybMdIaF vloN ivroD kIqf igaf hY.lyKk jWQybMdIaF vloN smyN smyN pMjfb srkfr Auqy vI dbfE pfieaf jFdf irhf hY ik pMjfbI nUM rfj pRsfÈx ivc hr pWDr `qy lfgU kIqf jfey, rfj BfÈf aYkt ivc soD kr ky pMjfbI ivc kMm nf krn vfly aPsrF qy krmcfrIaF ivruD kfrvfeI kIqI jfey.ipClIaF pMjfb ivDfn sBf coxF smyN sWqfDfrI akflI dl ny afpxy cox mYnIPYsto ivc lyKk jWQybMdIaF nUM ivÈvfÈ duafieaf sI ik pMjfbI nUM ies df ies df Xog sQfn idqf jfey gf, pr hfly qk kuJ nhIN kIqf igaf.
pMjfbI BfÈf dy nfl hI pMjfbI siBafcfr dy ivkfs leI vI pihlI vfrI Xqn ÈurU hoey hn.pMjfbIaF dI iek vWKrI pCfx bx geI hY.pMjfbI gfiekI ivc BfvyN lWcrpn afieaf hY,pr ies leI vDyry kr ky sfzy gIqkfr qy gfiek Ëumyvfr hn.ies ivruD vI afvfË AuT rhI hY.ienHF gfiekF nUM afiKaf jfx lgf hY ik hr nvF gIq pihlF apxI jnmdfqI mF qy mF-jfeI BYx nUM suxfAux,jy Auh ies dI prvfngI dyx qF hI ieh gIq rIkfrz krvfieaf jfey.
akflI dl ny pMjfbI sUby dI mMg kIqI sI BfvyN iZzoN Auh isWK bhu-vsoN vflf sUbf cfhuMdy sn, pr kyNdr dI kFgrsI srkfr ny jfxy anjfxy ies nUM iek isWK bhu-vsoN vflf sUbf bxf idqf.isafsI qOr `qy dyiKaf jfey qF akflI ies sUby ivc iek ÈkqIÈflI ÈkqI bx ky AuBry aqy ies nvyN sUby dy hoNd ivc afAux ipCoN pihlI vfrI iek gYr-kFgrsI srkfr bxfeI.kFgrs ny lCmx isMG igl qoN bÊfvq krvf ky ieh srkfr igrvf idqI aqy bfhroN smWrQn dy ky Aus dI srkfr bxvf idqI.QoVI dyr ipCoN Aus qoN smWrQn vfps lY ilaf ijs nfl ieh srkfr vI igr peI qy rfÈtRpqI lfgU ho igaf. aglIaF coxF ivc iPr akflI dl dI rihnmfeI hyT gYr-kFgrsI srkfr bxI.pMjfb ivc kFgrs nUM pihlI vfrI sWqf qoN bfhr kIqf.jdoN vI pMjfb ivc akflI srkfr hoNd ivc afeI, kyNdr dI kFgrsI srkfr ny sMivDfn dI Dfrf 356 dI durvrqoN kridaF ies nUM brÉfsq kr idqf qy kdI vI apxI pMj sfl dI imafd pUrI nhIN hox idqI.pihlI vfrI pRkfÈ isMG bfdl ny 1997 qoN 2002 qk pMj sfl ies leI pUry kIqy ikEN jo kyNdr ivc BfeIvfl Bfjpf dI rihnmfeI vflI gYr-kFgrsI srkfr sI.jd vI pMjfb ivc akflI srkfr bxI hY, ipMzF df ivkfs hoieaf hY.nvMbr 1966 qk qF ipMzF dI axdyKI hI huMdI afeI hY, pr hr srkfr ny ipMzF dIaF sVkF hI pWkIaF nhIN kIqIaF,sgoN glIaF qy nflIaF vgyYrf vI pWkIaF kIqIaF,ipMzF ivc skUl apgryz kIqy qy nvyN skUÜ KolHy, hspqfl jF izspYNsrIaF KolHIaF, afvfjfeI dy sfDxF smyq hor anykF shUlqF idqIaF geIaF.
ienHF kuJ iek pRfpqIaF dy Ault pMjfb ny ies nvyN pMjfb jF pMjfbI sUbf dI sQfpnf krvf ky bhuq kuJ guaf ilaf hY.pMjfbI BfÈf dI hI gl krIey qF punrgTn qoN pihly pMjfb, ijs ivc hirafxf pRFq qy ihmfcl dy iËlf AUnf, kFgVf, hmIrpur, kulU, kylFg, lfhOl spIqI qoN ibnf iËlf iÈmlf,soln qy nflfgVH dy bhuqy ielfky sfiml sn,ivc pMjfbI dUjI BfÈf vjoN pVHfeI jFdI sI.ieh ielfky ihmfxl ivc gey qF ihmfcl srkfr ny pMjfbI dI QF AurdU nUM dUjI BfÈf df drjf dy ky skUlF ivc pVHfeI ÈurU krvf idqI. hirafxf ny pMjfbI dI QF qfml,qYlgU vrgIaF dWKxI Bfrq dIaF KyqrI BfÈfvF nUM dUjI BfÈf df drjf dy idqf. pMjfbI pRymIaF dy sMGWrÈ kfrn hirafxf ivc qF pMjfbI dI pVHfeI vl Ërf ku iDafn idqf jfx lgf hY,pr ihmfcl ivc pMjfbI hfly vI axgOlI peI hY.ieh hYrfnI vflI gl hY ik kYnyzf dy ibRitÈ kolMbIaf sUby qy keI hor dyÈF dy kuJ ielfikaF ivc pMjfbIaF ny apxI ihMmq nfl pMjfbI nUM dUjI BfÈf df drjf duaf ilaf,pr guaFZI sUibaF ijQy pMjfbI bolx vfilaF dI BfrI igxqI hY,ivc hfly pMjfbI nUM dUjI BfÈf df ruqbf nhIN idqf igaf.
pMjfb pfs hux koeI phfVI ielfkf nhIN hY.kFgVf, DrmÈflf, pflmpur,zlhoËI, kulU, mnflI,iÈmlf, lfhOl spIqI, cYl vrgy suMdr sYlfnI kyNdr pMjfb qoN Kus ky ihmfcl ivc cly gey.kÈmIr ivc ipCly lgpg do dhfky qoN gVbV ho rhI hY,ijs kfrn Auprokq sfry phfVI QF sYlfnIaF dI iKWc df kyNdr bx gey hn.ienHF phfVI ielfikaF dy nfl hI arbF KrbF rupY dI lfgq dy jMgl ihmfcl ivc cly gey hn, ijs kfrn pMjfb pfs iemfrqI lWkVI dI bVI hI Gft hY.
agWsq 1947 ivc dyÈ vMz ipCoN pUrbI pMjfb srhWd nyVy hox dy bhfny ieWDr koeI vWzI snaq nf lgfeI geI, sfry vWzI iezMstrI aMbflf, pfxIpq,sonIpq, guVgfEN,PrIdfbfd dy ielfikaF ivc lgfeI geI, jo sfry hirafxf ivc cly gey hn.hirafxf nuM ienHF ÈihrF qoN ibWkrI tYks,aUYksfeIË qy hor tYksF qoN arbF KrbF rupY dI afmdn ho rhI hY.pMjfb ivc kyvl luiDafxf hI ienHF ÈihrF vrgf snaqI Èihr hY.
punrgTn qoN pihlF pMjfbI sfry (vWzy) pMjfb ivc nOkrI kr skdy sn aqy kr rhy sn,ijQy AunHF df bol bflf vI sI.hux AunHF nUM hirafxf qy ihmfcl ivc nOkrI lWBxI bVI aOKI hY ikEN jo dono rfj nOkrI leI apxy apxy sUby dy vsnIkF nUM hI pihl idMdy hn.ienHF sUibaF ivc pMjfbI do nMbr dy ÈihrI bx ky rih rhy hn.ihmfcl ivc qF pMjfbI hux ËmIn vI nhIN KrId skdy jo BfrqI sMivDfn dI Bfvnf df AulMGx hY.nOkrI nf imlx kfrn pMjfbI ivdyÈF nUM dOV rhy hn.AunHF dI QF ibhfr,JfrKMz,Auqr prdyÈ vrgy ihMdI BfÈfeI sUibaF qoN lWKF hI BeIey af rhy hn,ijs kfrn pMjfb do-BfsI sUbf bxdf jf irhf hY, pMjfbI nfloN ihMdI dy vDyry aÉbfr Cpx lgy hn,pMjfbI dy Coty aÉbfr lVKVf rhy hn. Bfrq ivc isWK iek Gt-igxqI ivc hn, jfxy axjfxy ieh iek isWK bhu-vsoN vflf sUbf bx igaf sI, ijQy Auh afpxI srdfrI smJx lgy sn,pr ijs qyËI nfl lWKf dI igxqI ivc BeIey ieQy af rhy hn,ieQy vI iek idn isWK Gt igxqI ivc rih jfx gy.
isafsI qOr qy vI nvyN pMjfb ivc bhuq Gt srkfrF siQr bxIaF hn,gYr-kFgrsI srkfrF nUM kyNdr dI kFgrs srkfr vloN sNivDfn dI Dfrf 356 dI durvrqoN krdy hoey qoV idqf jFdf irhf hY.bhuq vfrI rfÈtRpqI rfj lfgU hoieaf jo iek vfrI qF lgfqfr lgpg pOxy pMj sflf lfgU irhf.rfstrpqI rfj dOrfn ivÈyÈ kr ky KfVkU lihr dOrfn jdoN bfbUÈfhI qy aÌsrÈfhI df rfj sI, iBRÈtfcfr ny Ëor pkiVaf, jo byaMq isMG dI srkfr dOrfn sB hWdF bMny tWp igaf.keI kFgrsI mMqrIaF ny sfrf Ëor hI pYsf iekWTf rn qy lgfieaf.akflI-Bfjpf srkfr qy muK mMqrI pRkfÈ isMG bfdl BfvyN iBRÈtfcfr dy muWdy qy sWqf ivc afey sn, pr iBRÈtfcfr qy kfbU nf pf sky.ies srkfr dy vI kuJ mMqrI pYsf hUMJx ivc lgy rhy.kYptn amirMdr isMG dI kFgrs srkfr BfvyN iBRÈtfcfr ivruD muiHhMMm df ZMzorf iptdI rhI pr irÈvqKorI qy iBRÈtfcfr df bol bflf irhf.mOjUdf aklI-Bfjpf srkfr nUM vI iBRÈtfcfr dy dYNq ;qy kfbU pfAuxf aOKf jfpdf hY«
kyNdr dI kFgrsI srkfr ny lMgVf pMjfbI sUbf bxfieaf, ijs nUM mukMMml krvfAux leI ÈRomxI akflI dl nUM muV sMGWrÈ krnf ipaf.ienHF mMgF dI pUrqI leI hI akflI dl vloN 4 agWsq 1982 nUM Drm XuWD morcf lgfieaf igaf sI, ijs nM sMmUh pMjfbIaF df BrvF huMgfrf imilaf.ies morcy nUM kuclx vfsqy ieMdrf gFDI ny jUn 1984 ivc Poj nUM qopF tYNkF qy hor afDuink hiQafrF nfl lYs krky sRI drbfr sfihb kMplYks Auqy vihÈIafxf hmlf kr idqf ijs dy ros qy roh vjoN pMjfb ivc KfVkU lihr pYdf hoeI aqy pMjfb dI aQfh brbfdI hoeI.hfly vI pMjfbI sUbf aDUrf hY.pMjfbI BfÈfeI ipMzF df AujfVf kr ky pMjfb dI bxfeI geI rfjDfnI cMzIgVH nUM gYr-pMjfbIaF nUM vsf ky pMjfbI cirqr ivgfiVaf jf irhf hY, pMjfbI boldy ielfky hirafxf qy ihmfcl ivcoN pMjfb nUM qbdIl nhIN kIqy gey,pMjfb df pfxI guaFZI sUibaF nUM jf irhf hY.
ienHF qWQF qoN spst hY ik BfÈf dy afDfr qy sUbf sQfpq kr ky pMjfb ny pfieaf Gt hY pr guafieaf bhuq kuJ hY. pr ieh sB kuJ kyNdr dI qqkflI kFgrsI srkfr dI byeImfnI kfrn hoieaf hY.BfÈf dy afDfr `qy shI arQf ivc pMjfbI sUbf bxdf, cMzIgVH qy sfry pMjfbI BfÈfeI ielfky ies ivc Èfiml hoxy sn.aj 41 vrHy bIq jfx qy vI ies dy mukMml hox dI koeI afs nhIN hY.mfipaF vloN afpxy bWicaF nUM aMgryËI mfiDam vfly skUlF ivc ividaf idvfAux dy cVHy Buq ny pMjfbI Bfsf,sfihq qy siBafcfr df df BivWK vI dfa Auqy lgf idqf hY.bdiksmqI nUM pMjfb dI iksy vI isafsI pfrtI nUM ieWDr Ërf vI iDafn nhIN hY, Auh qF hr hIly rfjsI sWqf pRfpq krn dI hoV ivc hI lgIaF rihMdIaF hn.