sfihb-ey-kmfl sLRI gurU goibMd isMG jI duafrf KSzy-bfty dy aSimRq dI bKisLsL ivsLv dy Dfrimk, smfijk, sdfcfrk aqy rfjsI ieiqhfs ivc iek aYsf lfsfnI ienklfb ilafAux vflI Gtnf hY, ijs dI imsfl hux qwk dy sMsfr dy ieiqhfs ivc nhIN imldI. sLRI gurU nfnk dyv jI ny vyeIN ndI sulqfnpur loDI dy kMZy qoN sMsfr nUM ¡ aqy ‘n ko ihMdU n ko muslmfn’ df sMdysL dy ky iswK Drm dy icMqn qy cyqnf nUM lokF qwk phuMcfAux dI muihMm nUM sLurU kIqf sI. iPr sMn 1699 dI ivsfKI vfly idn hI sLRI afnMdpur sfihb ivKy sLRI kysgVH sfihb dy asQfn AuWqy sLRI gurU goibMd isMG jI mhfrfj ny KSzy-bfty dy aSimRq dI bKisLsL kr ky Kflsf pSQ dI isrjxf duafrf iek lfsfnI ienklfb ilafAux df cmqkfrI kfrj kr ivKfieaf. ijs afdrsL mnuwK dy sMklp nUM sLRI gurU nfnk dyv jI ny ‘gurmuK’ kihMidaF lokF nUM iswKI dy mfrg df pSDfAU bxfieaf sI, Aus nUM dsmysL jI ny aSimRq dI bKisLsL duafrf krm-pwDqI pRdfn kr ky Kflsf rUp ivc sMpUrnqf bKsL idwqI. afp ny KSzy-bfty dI pfhul aSimRq dI dfq aqy Kflsy dI isrjxf nfl ‘Drm clfvn’ qy pSQ Aubfrn dy krqv nUM pUrf kridaF Kflsy nUM Drm-Bfv swc df anuieafeI bxf ky Drm pflx, sMq Aubfrn aqy dusLt pfpIaF dy ibdfrn leI qwqpr kr idwqf. sLRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny afpxy pUrvjL gurU sfihbfn dI srbpwKI ivcfrDfrf, afpxy pVdfdf sLRI gurU arjn dyv jI dI Drm-ivsLvfs dI suqMqrqf KLfqr idwqI sLhfdq, afpxy dfdf gurU sLRI gurU hirgoibMd sfihb pfsoN Drm dI KLfqr pfp ibdfrn leI Drm-XuwD prMprf aqy ipqf sLRI gurU qyg bhfdr jI pfsoN Drm-ivsLvfs qy akIdy dI afjLfdI dI KLfqr idwqy blIdfn qoN iswiKaf lY ky mnuwKqf nUM iek nvF sMdysL dyx dI loV nUM smiJaf qy aSimRq dI bKisLsL kIqI, Kflsf pSQ dI sfjnf kIqI. ‘aSimRq’ dI dfq bKsLx vfsqy gurU dsm-ipqf ny prK hI bVI krVI rwKI sI. gurU dsLmysL jI dy hukmnfimaF dI pflxf kridaF jo awsI hjLfr iswK mfKovfl sLRI afnMdpur sfihb ies ivsfKI dy avsr AuWqy iekwqr hoey sn, AunHF nUM sMboDn kridaF dsmysL jI ny afpxy afdrsL ies qrHF idRVH krfey, “qusIN sfry iewko Drm dy DfrnI bx jfAu qF jo dUeI-dvYq ivcoN inkl hI jfvy. ihMdU kOm dIaF cfry jfqF bRfhmx, KwqrI, vYsL qy sLUdr ijnHF leI Drm-sLfsqr ivc vwKo-vwKry nym nIXq hn, AunHF nUM Cwz-Czf ky aqy iewko pSQ dy pFDI bx ky iewko akfl purK dI pRymf-BgqI aKiqafr kr lvo. sB mnuwKF nUM iek smfn smJidaF koeI vI afpxy afp nUM hornF nfloN AuWcf jF vwzf nf igxy. purfxIaF rIqF qy irvfj Cwz ky awgy vDo qy qrwkI kro. chuaF jfqF dy lok KSzy df pfhul (aSimRq) Ck ky iewko BFzy ivc Kfxf Kfx aqy iek dUjy nUM suDfrn df Xqn krn aqy Drm dI rwiKaf ihq hr kurbfnI leI iqafr rihx[[[[.” ieh aYlfn jo PLfrsI ivc klmbD kr ky Aus avsr AuWqy hfjLr aKLbfr nvIs ny aOrMgjLyb srkfr nUM Gwilaf sI, hux vI irafsq rfmpur dy sLfhI kuqbKfny ivc sMBfilaf ipaf hY, ijs nUM BfeI rfmiksLn isMG ihstorIan DUrI ny ZUMizaf sI aqy ijs df hvflf BfeI vIr isMG jI ny afpxI Koj-pusqk ‘dyvI pUjn pVqfl’ dy pSnf 52 AuWqy idwqf hY. iesy aYlfn df ijLkr mYkflPL ny afpxI pusqk ‘iswK irlIjn’ ivc kIqf hY aqy ijs nUM Audmf-qu-qvfrIK dy dPLqr ‘awvl qy qiqwmy’ ivc vI aSikq kIqf hoieaf hY. ies aYlfn qoN bfad sLRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny iek ajb jlfl ivc nMgI qlvfr sUq ky, Drm-inaF dI rwiKaf leI iek sIs vI Byt mSgI qy llkfr ky ikhf :
snmuK pUrf iswK hY koeI,sIs Byt guru dyvy soeI? (koier isMG gury iblfs pf : 10, pSnf 127)
ieh llkfr sux ky sIs Byt krn leI lfhOr df KwqrI dXf rfm inwqr afieaf aqy Aus qoN bfad cfr hor mrjIvVy hsqnfpur (AuWqr pRdysL) df jft Drm dfs, dwKx ivcoN ibdr (krnftk) df nfeI sfihb cMd, pUrb vloN jgnnfQ purI AuVIsf df mfsLkI ihMmq rfey aqy pwCm vloN dvfrkf (gujrfq) df CINbf mohkm cMd vI sIs kurbfn krn leI inwqr afey. gurU dsLmysL jI ny AunHF pSjF dI sIs kurbfn krn dI pRIiKaf lY ky POlfdI bfty ivc pey jl qy pqfisaF nUM KSzy nfl ihlfAuNidaF nfl hI pSj pfvn aSimRq bfxIaF df pfT AucfridaF aSimRq iqafr kIqf aqy iPr AunHF pSjF nUM pSj kkfrF df DfrnI bxf ky pSj vfrI ‘vfihgurU jI kf Kflsf, vfihgurU jI kI Pqih’ AucfridaF pSj-pSj cUly Ckf ky pSj-pSj Cwty AunHF dy nyqrF nUM lf ky aqy AunHF dy kysF ivc iCVk ky AunHF nUM iek nvF pSQ arQfq ‘Kflsf pSQ’ ivc pRvysL krvfieaf. AunHF pSjF nUM KSzy-bfty df aSimRq Ckf ky AunHF dI kfieaf klp kr idwqI aqy AunHF nUM idRVH krvf idwqf :
pIE pfhul KSzDfr, hoie jnm suhylf. (vfr 41 : 1)
ies qoN bfad gurU dsm-ipqf ny AunHF pSjF nUM vfro-vfrI afpxI CfqI nfl lf ky afpxy BfeI qy ipafry kih ky invfijaf. ies dy nfl hI AunHF nUM ‘isMG’ Bfv ‘sLyr’ df lkb bKsL ky ies nUM AunHF dy nfvF nfl joV ky AunHF nUM kyvl afpxy hI nhIN sgoN nvyN sfjy Kflsf pSQ ipafry hox df PKLr bKisLaf. iPr AunHF sfjy-sjfey pSjF nUM ieqnI ivsLysLqf df DfrnI bxf idwqf ik afpxy afp leI vI aSimRq dI anUTI dfq pRfpq krn vfsqy Aus ‘gur cyly’ ny AunHF nUM bynqI kIqI, ijs bfry BfeI sMqoK isMG jI ny ‘gur pRqfp sUrj gRMQ’ (pSnf 5059) ivc ieAuN iliKaf hY :
Kflsf gurU hY, gurU Kflsf kro mYN aib,
jYsy gurU nfnk jI aSgdu ko kIinAu.
sLMk n krIjY, sfvDfn hoie dIjY aib,
aSimRq Ckfvo muih, jYsy qum lIinE]
(gurU pRqfp sUrj gRMQ, irqu 3, aMsU 20, 426)
ies bynqI AuprMq gurU dsLmysL jI ny afpxy hI cyilaF pfsoN bIr-afsn ho ky, AuvyN hI aSimRqpfn kIqf ijvyN ik AunHF nUM Ckfieaf sI. AunHF qoN afpxy leI ‘isMG’ lkb dI Xfcnf kr ky afpxf nF vI ‘goibMd rfey’ qoN ‘goibMd isMG’ rKvf ilaf. ievyN ‘vfh vfh goibMd isMG afpy gur cylf’ dI ieh nvIN prMprf sMsfr dy Dfrimk ieiqhfs ivc iek nvF ikRsLmf hY. Aus mOky `qy gurU sfihb ny hfjLr lokF dIaF suwqIaF sLkqIaF jgf ky, AunHF ivc iek nvIN rUh PUk idwqI. AunHF dy qn qy mn nUM ‘cVHdI klf’ dI jfg lf ky aqy BgqI nUM sLkqI dI puT cfVH ky AunHF nUM swcy-suwcy sMq-ispfhI bxfAux leI aSimRq dI bKisLs Ldf kuMB clfieaf. Ausy ivc hI vIh hjLfr qoN AuWqy gurU nfnk nfm-lyvf isMG sj gey. ies qrHF AunHF iek anUTy qy qyjwsvI Kflsf pSQ dI isrjxf kr ky Aus leI pwkI-pIzI nINh rwK idwqI. sLRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dI dUr-idRsLtI df pRmfx hY ik AunHF ny Kflsf pSQ dy pFDIaF ivc Dfrimk pivwqrqf, sdfcfrk AuWcqf, srIirk ivwlKxqf, smfijk suqMqrqf qy rfjnIiqk afjLfdI qy siQrqf ilafAux leI jfqI qy jmfqI rihq-mirXfdf vI nIXq kr idwqI. AunHF ny Kflsy nUM inafry idwsx leI pSj kkfrF : kVf, ikrpfn, kCihrf, kMGf qy kysF dI vrdI puaf idwqI, ijs dI Cot Kflsy nUM kdy vI nhIN idwqI jf skygI. ies bfry zf[ gMzf isMG jI ny afpxI sMpfidq kIqI ‘mfiKjLy qvfrIK iswKF’ ijld awvl ivc drj bcnF dI iebfrq ievyN ilKI hY :
insLfny iswKI eIN pSj hrPL kfPL,
hrigjL, n bfsLd eIN pSj muafPL.
kVf, kfrdo, kwC, kMGF, ibdF,
iblf kys hyc asq jumlf insLF.
ieQy spwsLt hY ik kysF ibnF bfkI apRvfn hn. gurU sfihb ny aSimRq dI bKisLsL kr ky ies dy nfl hI iswKF dy bIqy nUM Kqm kIqf, AunHF nUM nvF jnm idwqf, nvIN mF idwqI, mfqf sfihb kOr, nvF ipqf idwqf : gurU goibMd isMG, nF : isMG, nvF rUp : sfbq sUrq kysfDfrI srUp aqy nvIN sLkl. AunHF Kflsy nUM ieh dfq dy ky nvyN nfary, nvyN iqAuhfr, nvIaF swDrF, nvyN insLfny idwqy Bfv ik ijLMdgI nUM nvyN isirEN rMg ky, vtf ky rwK idwqf. iswK isMG bxy, Kflsf iqafr hoieaf. hux Kflsy dI brfdrI ivc dfKl hox leI hr pRfxI nUM muV jnimaf (Twice born) sQfipq kIqf igaf. Aus nUM ikrq nfs, kul nfs, Drm nfs qy krm nfs df afdysL idwqf igaf. awgy sLfsqr kyvl bRfhmxF df aiDkfr sI aqy sLsqr kyvl KwqrIaF df, pr aSimRq dy pfhul ivc bfxI (sLfsqr) qy KSzy (sLsqr) dy sumyl sdkf, hr koeI aSimRqDfrI ho ky sLfsqr qy sLsqr dohF df aiDkfrI ho ky Drm arQfq swc dy mfrg `qy qurn leI aqy Drm dI rwiKaf leI vcnbwD ho igaf. ‘aSimRq’ dI bKisLsL qoN pihlF rvfieq sI ik dIiKaf sMskfr siqgurF pfsoN crn pfhul duafrf pRfpq kIqf jFdf sI. gurU dsLmysL jI ny crn pfhul dI QF KSzy-bfty dy aSimRq dI pRQf sLurU kr ky dws idwqf ik hux pfhul kyvl gurU pfsoN hI nhIN, sgoN pSj ipafiraF pfsoN vI pRfpq kIqf jf skdf hY. bs sLrq ieho rwKI ik sLRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dI qfibaf pSj ipafry ivDI anusfr aSimRq dI dfq dI bKisLsL krn. ies qrHF pSj ipafiraF nUM gurU df drjf dy ky dsmysL jI ny Kflsy dy BfeIcfry df dYvIkrx kr idwqf. gurU dsmysL jI ny jo nfarf ‘Kflsy dI hr mYdfn Pqih’ aSimRqpfn krfAux smyN Kflsy nUM idwqf, Aus dIaF jVHF iswKI, akfl purK aqy gurmuK dy Aus nfl irsLqy ivc hn. gurmuK hux ijsmfnI sLkl ivc ‘isMG’ bx igaf qy jmfqI rUp ivc ‘Kflsf’. ‘Kflsf’ iek pfsy gurbfxI vflf gurmuK hY, dUjy pfsy ieh qurI afAuNdI nINh AuWqy nvIN hoNd hY. mgurU dsmysL jI ny Kflsy nUM nfl hI do vwzy nfary idwqy : ‘vfihgurU jI kf Kflsf vfihgurU jI kI Pqih’ aqy ‘boly so inhfl siq sLRI akfl’. sfrI gurbfxI df incoV ienHF nfairaF ivc sMjo idwqf igaf. akfl purK srb-sLkqImfn hY, aijwq hY, PLqih Aus dI hY aqy Kflsf Aus df hY. Kflsf vfihgurU df hY, ies leI Aus dI PLqih lfjLmI hY. dUjy nfary df Bfv hY ik sLRI akfl siq hY, sdf rihx vflf hY qy jo ieh boldf hY, Auh inhfl hY. dohF nfairaF df insLfnf rwb df afsrf qy PLqih df insLcf hY. AunHF Kflsy nUM isMG qy isMGxIaF dy nF idwqy. AunHF hr aSimRqDfrI Kflsy nUM sLyr df iKqfb idwqf aqy isMGxI nUM kOr df. isMG qy kOr qoN Bfv hY sLyr qy sLyrnI. aSimRqDfrI Kflsf dy iKaflF nfl kfierqf dI guMjfiesL hI nhIN rihMdI. AunHF jrvfxy dy hwQ ivc jo qlvfr sI, Aus dy tfkry leI afpxy Kflsy nUM ikrpfn pihnfeI qy Aus dy gly sLsqr sjfey, iensfnIaq nUM iensfnF dI rfKI leI ikrpfn clfAuxI isKfeI aqy afpxI rfKI dy Xog bxf ky, jLulmF AuWqy hfvI hox dy rfh pf idwqf. AunHF Kflsy vfsqy ikrpfn lfjLmI krfr dy ky Kflsy nUM sLsqrDfrI bxfieaf, pr qlvfr-pRsqI nhIN isKfeI. mijsmfnI qOr `qy ikrpfn pihnx qoN pihlF lfjLmI sI ik ihrdf afpxy iesLt leI sLhId hox vfsqy sLYdfeI hovy. Kflsy df Drm hux vI akfl purK awgy pUrn aDIngI hY aqy Kflsy nUM insLcf hY ik akfl purK jLrvfixaF qy dusLtF df kfl hY ikAuNik Auh KVgDfrI hY. ievyN ‘Drm’, swc dy mfrg AuWqy quridaF, mjLlUmF dI rfKI leI Kflsy pfsoN Drm leI afpxf isr kurbfn kr dyx dI mSg krdf hY. aSimRq iqafr krn vyly dIaF bfxIaF : jpu, jfpu, cOpfeI, svwXy qy anMd sfihb df pfT iek akfl purK dy ivsLvfs qy Aus ivc pUrn insLcy, cwkR ichn, ‘brn jfiq’, ‘rUp rMg’ ‘ryK ByK’, dy ivqkiraF qoN Aucyry smfj, kfm, kRoD, loB, moh, hMkfr nUM sMjm qy inXMqRx ivc rwK ky rfgmeI sLKsLIaq Ausfrn, ieKlfkI, jurawq, sLuB krmn, sLuB icqvn, sÍY-arpn, sMqusLtqf, shj vfly jIvn df DfrnI hoxf isKFdIaF hn.